Have you ever driven down a highway at 65 or 75 mph then turned into a town where the speed limit abruptly changed to 25 mph? When I’m driving, the abrupt change is more irritating than relaxing until I can mentally and physically adjust to the slower speed. It’s the same with music. Music is individual; but there are some general rules. In order to help you relax it must be something physically relaxing that you enjoy. Many years ago as a children’s therapist I worked with a young man who told me he relaxed to music by a particular band. Instead of arguing with him I suggested we check it out and asked that he bring his music in to our next session. I had some very basic bio-feedback equipment (galvanic skin response or GSR and finger temperature) that would measure his physiology and tell us if his body was relaxing or tensing. I hooked him up and turned on the music. This particular music is irritating and grating to me, so I left the room. After a while I returned and we looked at his measured physical results together. It was obvious to both of us that this music did not help him relax (nor anyone for that matter).
For people who enjoy it, slow baroque music (i.e. Pachelbel's Canon) is wonderfully and deeply relaxing; however, if I was especially stressed, to sit down and listen to slow baroque music would actually increase my anxiety instead of reduce it. It would be like driving on a freeway at 75 mph then immediately turning onto a road at 25. It’s better if I relax a little first. For example, by taking a walk, deep breathing, listening to semi relaxing music, which for me could include: folk, old country music, or some children’s songs. More relaxing music is compatible with deep slow breathing. More relaxing music is conducive to meditating; less relaxing music almost forces us to move. More relaxing music can help us be open to the whisperings of the spirit.
For additonal resources see: http://responsiblepracticalparenting.blogspot.com/2010/08/stress-helping-your-children-and-you.html
(While most people do not have even simple biofeedback equiptment there is one easy to use and affordable piece which will help you know if what you are listening to is helping. When the body is stressed, more blood flows to the large muscle groups [fight or flight] so you can run or fight if needed. When this happens, blood leaves the brain and extremities. This causes less oxygen to flow to the brain [causing us to not think as clearly or remember as well] and less to the extremities [cold fingers]. A simple finger temperature system can help. You may be able to purchase something like this in a local electronics store...
or here:
Basically, your fingers warming is associated with relaxation.)
Emotional foundations of music as a non-pharmacological pain management tool in modern medicine
"Abstract This paper reviews the use of music as an adjuvant to the control of pain, especially in medical procedures. For instance, surgery causes stress and anxiety that exacerbates the experience of pain. Self-report of and physiological measures on post-surgical patients indicate that music therapy or music stimulation reduces the perception of pain, both alone as well as part of a multimodal pain management program, can reduce the need for pharmaceutical interventions. However, multimodal pain therapy, including non-pharmacological interventions after surgery, is still rare in medical practice. We summarize how music can enhance medical therapies and can be used as an adjuvant with other pain-management programs to increase the effectiveness of those therapies. As summarized, we currently know that musical pieces chosen by the patient are commonly, but not always, more effective than pieces chosen by another person. Further research should focus both on finding the specific indications and contra-indications of music therapy and on the biological and neurological pathways responsible for those findings (related evidence has implicated brain opioid and oxytocin mechanisms in affective changes evoked by music). In turn, these findings will allow medical investigators and practitioners to design guidelines and reliable, standardized applications for this promising method of pain management in modern medicine."
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763411001151
Music Listening : Its Effects in Creating a Healing Environment
"Résumé / Abstract
Older adults face challenges in function, cognition, and isolation as they age. Nurses are responsible for providing a healing environment to promote health and well-being. Music listening is an intervention that could be used to facilitate a healing environment. This article provides examples of evidence that music can improve the healing environment for older adults, both physiologically and psychologically. Music can connect individuals with their emotions and bring about a sense of self-awareness that improves the quality of life for older adults. Music is a safe, inexpensive, and easy-to-use intervention that nurses can implement independently to help older adults cope with pain, acute confusion, and functional deficits. Examples of ways nurses can use music to provide a healing environment are also included."
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=20715125
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763411001151
Music therapy as an adjunctive treatment in the management of stress for patients being weaned from mechanical ventilation.
"AbstractThis project investigated music therapy (MT) in managing anxiety associated with weaning from mechanical ventilation. The use of sedation to treat anxiety during weaning is problematic because side effects (e.g., respiratory depression) are precisely the symptoms that cause the weaning process to be interrupted and consequently prolonged. Study goals were to determine the feasibility of incorporating MT into the weaning process and to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention, based on levels of anxiety, Days to Wean (DTW), and patient/nurse satisfaction. Adult patients received multiple MT sessions per week while undergoing weaning trials from mechanical ventilation. Feasibility was determined by successful enrollment in the study and nurse survey. Efficacy was evaluated through anxiety, as measured by heart rate, respiratory rate, and patient/nurse survey; DTW; and patient/nurse satisfaction. Nurse surveys reported that MT was successfully incorporated into the milieu and 61 subjects were enrolled. Significant differences in heart rate and respiratory rate were found from the beginning to the end of MT sessions (p < .05 and p < .0001, respectively), indicating a more relaxed state. No significant difference in mean DTW was found between study and control subjects. Patient/nurse satisfaction was high. Music therapy can be used successfully to treat anxiety associated with weaning from mechanical ventilation. Limitations and suggestions for further research are discussed."
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21275332
Effects of Music on Women's Stress, Anxiety and Sleep Quality during Pregnancy
"21st INRC [Evidence-Based Practice Presentation] Background: Few studies have developed and tested non-pharmacological options for sleep-disturbed pregnant women, including music therapy. Aims and objectives: This Taiwan study investigated what effect listening to pre-selected, relaxing music on a self-regulated basis at home, had on the perceived stress, state anxiety and sleep quality of sleep-disturbed pregnant women. Design: A randomized clinical trial. Methods. One hundred and twenty-one pregnant women with sleep disorder (PSQI score > 5) were randomly assigned to music therapy (nüü61) and control (nüü60) groups. The music therapy group received two weeks of music intervention. The control group received only general prenatal care. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and State Scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (S-STAI) were used to measure outcomes. Results: No significant differences were identified between groups for demographic characteristics. The PSQI, PSS, and S-STAI scores for these two groups prior to music intervention were similar. An ANCOVA test with the pretest scores as the control revealed that the changes in PSQI, PSS, and S-STAI after two weeks were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. The results also revealed a music preference for lullabies, followed by classical music and crystal baby music. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that two-week music listening can reduce stress, anxiety and thereby benefit a better sleep quality for sleep-disturbed pregnant women. Most participant women chose music which might represent wanting to have a prenatal influences or/and interaction with their unborn child. Relevance to clinical practice: Music is an effective mind-body intervention. The value of music to the family and clinical staff yielded sufficient significance to justify its use as a regular component of prepared childbirth education."
http://www.nursinglibrary.org/Portal/main.aspx?pageid=4024&pid=24693
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21275332
Effects of Music on Women's Stress, Anxiety and Sleep Quality during Pregnancy
"21st INRC [Evidence-Based Practice Presentation] Background: Few studies have developed and tested non-pharmacological options for sleep-disturbed pregnant women, including music therapy. Aims and objectives: This Taiwan study investigated what effect listening to pre-selected, relaxing music on a self-regulated basis at home, had on the perceived stress, state anxiety and sleep quality of sleep-disturbed pregnant women. Design: A randomized clinical trial. Methods. One hundred and twenty-one pregnant women with sleep disorder (PSQI score > 5) were randomly assigned to music therapy (nüü61) and control (nüü60) groups. The music therapy group received two weeks of music intervention. The control group received only general prenatal care. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and State Scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (S-STAI) were used to measure outcomes. Results: No significant differences were identified between groups for demographic characteristics. The PSQI, PSS, and S-STAI scores for these two groups prior to music intervention were similar. An ANCOVA test with the pretest scores as the control revealed that the changes in PSQI, PSS, and S-STAI after two weeks were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. The results also revealed a music preference for lullabies, followed by classical music and crystal baby music. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that two-week music listening can reduce stress, anxiety and thereby benefit a better sleep quality for sleep-disturbed pregnant women. Most participant women chose music which might represent wanting to have a prenatal influences or/and interaction with their unborn child. Relevance to clinical practice: Music is an effective mind-body intervention. The value of music to the family and clinical staff yielded sufficient significance to justify its use as a regular component of prepared childbirth education."
http://www.nursinglibrary.org/Portal/main.aspx?pageid=4024&pid=24693
Music Listening : Its Effects in Creating a Healing Environment
"Résumé / Abstract
Older adults face challenges in function, cognition, and isolation as they age. Nurses are responsible for providing a healing environment to promote health and well-being. Music listening is an intervention that could be used to facilitate a healing environment. This article provides examples of evidence that music can improve the healing environment for older adults, both physiologically and psychologically. Music can connect individuals with their emotions and bring about a sense of self-awareness that improves the quality of life for older adults. Music is a safe, inexpensive, and easy-to-use intervention that nurses can implement independently to help older adults cope with pain, acute confusion, and functional deficits. Examples of ways nurses can use music to provide a healing environment are also included."
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=20715125
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